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Internet Fundamentals

Backups for a Small Team: RPO, RTO and the Restore You Have Not Tested

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October 26, 2026

5 min read

A backup you have never restored is a hope. The two numbers that define a backup plan, which failures each kind of backup covers (including a compromised account and a bad migration), the RDS retention defaults that surprise people, and a quarterly restore drill that takes an afternoon.

Internet Fundamentals
Backups
Disaster Recovery
Amazon RDS
PostgreSQL

Two numbers define a backup plan. RPO (recovery point objective) is how much data you can afford to lose, measured in time. RTO (recovery time objective) is how long you can afford to be down while restoring. Write both down. They decide everything else.

What goes wrong, and what saves you

Failure

Saved by

Not saved by

A bug or bad migration corrupts data

Point-in-time restore to just before it

Replicas, which copy the damage immediately

Someone deletes rows or a table

Point-in-time restore, or soft deletes in the app

High availability, which keeps the database up with the rows gone

The database host fails

Multi-AZ or a standby

Backups alone, which restore slowly

A compromised account deletes the database and its backups

Copies in a separate account or provider

Backups in the same account

A regional outage at your provider

Copies in another region

Single-region backups

You need to leave the provider

Regular logical dumps (pg_dump) you hold yourself

Snapshots only the provider can read

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Defaults worth checking

  • RDS keeps automated backups for 0 to 35 days. The default is 7 days in the console but 1 day from the API or CLI, which is what most infrastructure tools use. Zero turns backups off.

  • Automated backups are what make point-in-time restore possible within that window.

  • Managed Postgres platforms vary by plan in retention and whether point-in-time restore is included. Check yours.

  • Turn on deletion protection for production databases and keep a final snapshot when deleting anything.

  • For files, turn on S3 Versioning so overwrites and deletes can be undone.

The restore drill

  1. Once a quarter, restore production's backup to a new, separate database.

  2. Time it from start to a working app pointed at the copy. That is your real RTO.

  3. Check the data: row counts, the newest records, a few known accounts.

  4. Write the steps down as you go. The person restoring during a real incident will be stressed, and may not be you.

  5. Delete the copy.

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As of October 26, 2026. Provided as is, for general information, and accurate to the best of our knowledge on the date shown. Not legal, compliance, tax, financial or other professional advice. Prices, limits and vendor services change; check current vendor documentation before relying on anything here. Terms of use.