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Legal Holds and Records Retention on AWS: S3 Object Lock, Versioning and Getting Deletion Right

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October 26, 2026

5 min read

Retention is two opposite duties: keep what you must, delete what you should. S3 Object Lock gives you write-once storage with retention periods and legal holds that even administrators cannot bypass in compliance mode. How the modes work, how a legal hold differs from a retention period, and a design that keeps both duties straight.

Data Retention
Legal
Amazon S3
Legal Hold
Records Management

Litigation holds, regulatory record-keeping and client deletion requests all apply to the same data. Systems that cannot express "keep this until the hold is released, then delete it on schedule" end up keeping everything, which is its own risk.

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S3 Object Lock in brief

Feature

What it does

Versioning

Required. Overwrites and deletes create new versions instead of destroying data

Retention period, governance mode

Prevents deletion until a date, except by users with a specific bypass permission

Retention period, compliance mode

Prevents deletion or shortening of the period by anyone, including the root user, until the date

Legal hold

An on/off flag that prevents deletion with no end date, independent of any retention period, until removed

Default retention

Applies a retention period to every new object in the bucket

A design that keeps both duties

  1. Classify records by retention schedule when they are stored, as object tags or metadata, not later.

  2. Use governance mode for most records, so a documented process can correct mistakes; reserve compliance mode for records a regulator requires to be immutable.

  3. Apply legal holds from a case management step, recording who placed them, for which matter, and when. Lifting a hold is the same process in reverse.

  4. Run deletion with lifecycle rules once retention expires and no hold applies, and record what was deleted.

  5. Remember the copies: backups, search indexes, exports and AI indexes must follow the same schedule, or deletion is only partial.

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As of October 26, 2026. Provided as is, for general information, and accurate to the best of our knowledge on the date shown. Not legal, compliance, tax, financial or other professional advice. Prices, limits and vendor services change; check current vendor documentation before relying on anything here. Terms of use.